By N. Cronos. University of California, Los Angeles.

The addition of 10 g/d of guar gum to a test meal generated an overall decrease in blood glucose concentrations in both normal (n = 5) and diabetic (n = 6) individuals (Goulder et al discount nexium 20mg fast delivery gastritis ranitidine. In a study with 18 type 2-diabetic patients generic nexium 40mg with visa gastritis acid diet, 5 g of guar gum granules or 5 g of wheat bran were sprinkled over food at each main meal for 4 weeks (Fuessl et al. There was a 50 percent reduction in the incremental area under the postprandial glycemic curve with the guar gum. Mean fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin concen- trations were lower after treatment with guar gum compared with the wheat bran control. In one study with type 2 diabetics with near-normal fasting plasma glucose concentrations, 15 g/d of guar gum did not reduce the excessive postprandial glycemic response (Holman et al. Although the mechanism for improved glycemic response seen with guar gum in most studies is not entirely clear, guar gum has been shown to increase C-peptide response over time, thus suggesting enhanced insulin secretion by guar gum (Groop et al. When the standard glucose test was performed after ingestion of 15 g/d of guar gum, improved glucose toler- ance was observed in all but one pregnant women. In addition, guar gum generated significant reductions in mean serum glucose concentrations at 1, 2, and 3 hours after feeding (Gabbe et al. A few studies have demonstrated an increase in fecal bulk and increased stool frequency upon the ingestion of inulin or oligofructose. Fecal weight was increased after consuming 15 g/d of inulin or oligo- fructose (Gibson et al. After 2 to 6 weeks of treatment with 20 g/d of fructo- oligosaccharides or placebo, symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome improved more in the placebo group than in the fructooligosaccharide group; however, there was no difference between the groups after con- tinuous treatment for 12 weeks. Studies on the effect of inulin or oligofructose ingestion on plasma lipid concentrations have provided mixed results. Significant reductions in plasma triacylglycerol concentrations occurred with the intake of 10 g/d of inulin, particularly in those individuals with a baseline triacylglycerol concentration greater than 1. The ingestion of 9 g/d of inulin signifi- cantly reduced plasma total cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations in young men (Brighenti et al. In young, healthy males, 15 g/d of nondigestible oligosaccharides (inulin or fructooligosaccharides) did not decrease blood lipids or affect glucose absorption compared to controls (van Dokkum et al. A placebo-controlled parallel study showed that a daily intake of 10 g of inulin significantly reduced fasting insulin concentrations (Jackson et al. Fasting blood glucose concentrations were significantly reduced by 15 mg/dL in type 2 diabetics who were fed 8 g/d of fructooligosaccharides (Yamashita et al. Daily intake of 20 g of fructooligosaccharides significantly decreased basal hepatic glucose production (Luo et al. No difference, however, was observed in the incremental area under the curve for glucose when indi- viduals were fed 50 g of a rice-based cereal containing 0 or 9 g of inulin (Brighenti et al. An important effect of inulin intake is considered to be the production of Bifidobacteria. Bifidobacteria contain high amounts of β-fructosidase, which are specific for the β-(1,2) bond present in inulin and oligofructose. A number of studies in humans have shown that the ingestion of fructooligosaccharides leads to an increase in fecal Bifidobacteria (Bouhnik et al. Bifidobacteria have been shown to promote beneficial health effects in animals (Grizard and Barthomeuf, 1999); however, potential beneficial effects in humans are not well understood. Extracted β-glucans are highly fermentable and therefore their contribution to fecal bulk is minimal (McBurney, 1991). This may contribute, in part, to the lack of an effect in preventing constipation. Oat bran increases stool weight by supplying rapidly fermented viscous fiber to the proximal colon for bacterial growth (Chen et al. In one study, oat gum supplementation (9 g/d of β-glucan) did not significantly decrease serum total cholesterol concentration compared to the placebo, leading the authors to conclude that the cholesterol-lowering capacity of oat gum in healthy young men is weak (Beer et al.

The fact that I could have this major organ removed from my body discount nexium 20mg mastercard chronic gastritis diet mayo clinic, yet still function rather well amazed me cheap nexium 40 mg on line gastritis leaky gut, and made me want to go into medicine. I believe I would have received a great education at any school I attended, but the physicians at Mayo really practice the philosophy of putting the patient first. Throughout my brief tenure at Mayo, I have had the opportunity to participate in clinical and basic science research, mission trips to Haiti, and the opportunity to attend law school through Arizona State University. I have not completely decided on which specialty to pursue, but am hoping to have a surgical career. My legal research focuses on the intersection of law and medicine, more specifically on how different laws affect how we practice medicine. Her two- year stint with Teach for America in New Orleans during the time of Hurricane Katrina further convinced her of her desire to “help humanity” and to obtain the best medical training possible. With the support of her mother, father, and husband, Mariana will complete her training in 2012 and is determined to go back to Guam to help improve health care and prevention on the island. I knew it was a prestigious and reliable clinic, and after learning more about Mayo Medical School, I knew it would provide me with the best M. Also, I was surprised at the hustle and bustle of Rochester - it’s what a medical town should be. His inner instinct, college experiences, and the background of his mother always led him to believe he would follow his passion and become a teacher. An impromptu fellowship in Europe offered yet another opportunity and a window into a stronger passion - that of medicine. Chaitanya’s first visit to Mayo Medical School confirmed his belief that he could succeed in combining his two greatest passions; medicine and teaching, for it was happening all around him at Mayo Medical School. That changed when I received a fellowship to spend a month in England to learn from surgeons in an English hospital. For the first time I witnessed what is involved in teamwork and patient care and how my love of biology applied to the human condition. Also, I was incredibly intrigued by the non-traditional curriculum and the Selective offerings; nothing I do is traditional, so in my mind it was a perfect fit. I didn’t realize how much culture and different, enjoyable activities there were in this town; that surprised me. I never found a reason to not be a physician and I never found anything I enjoyed as much as this. I stepped out of my hotel and looked directly onto the Gonda Building and was blown away by its beauty and everything that building represented in terms of medicine. I just new Mayo Medical School was right for me and the place that would make me happy. The faculty takes an otherwise extremely hectic schedule and with great enthusiasm and commitment makes it enjoyable and manageable without missing any of the essentials needed to become a great doctor. The first day I moved here I was shopping for furniture and a random woman offered me her truck to haul my new furniture. It was genuine kindness from a stranger and I’ve found all people in this town to be this way. D program I will go into residency in neurosurgery - not sure where, but if I can stay here, it would be a great thing. They are designed for medical students who are interested in augmenting their medical education with additional educational or research experiences. Also, dual-degree programs are available and enable students to obtain a cross-disciplinary professional degree in addition to their Mayo Medical School M. Diversity The Office for Diversity assists Mayo Clinic Education in the recruitment and retention of minority students and helps create an open and welcoming environment for students, faculty, and staff.